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Vocabulary
Nouns:
종전 = previous, former, old
Examples:
학생은 종전의 입장과는 다른 듯한 태도를 보였어요
= The student showed an attitude that seemed different from his previous stance
종전 계획은 예산 부족으로 중단되었지만, 새 사업으로 다시 추진될 예정이에요
= The previous plan was halted due to a lack of budget, but it will be revived through a new project
원서 = original book
Examples:
선생님은 희귀한 고대 원서인 듯한 책을 소중히 다루었어요
= The teacher handled the book carefully, as if it were a rare original edition
이 원서는 저자가 직접 수정한 유일한 원본으로 매우 귀중해요
= This original book is the only copy personally revised by the author, making it extremely valuable
노선 = line on subway or bus
Common Usages:
버스 노선 = bus route
지하철 노선 = subway/metro line
Examples:
정부는 교통 혼잡을 줄이기 위해 새로운 노선을 신설한 듯하다
= The government seems to have opened a new line to reduce traffic congestion
새로운 버스 노선이 개통되어 출퇴근이 훨씬 편리해졌어요
= A new bus line has opened, making commuting much more convenient
계산서 = bill, cheque
Examples:
계산서를 다시 보니 중복 청구된 항목이 있는 듯해요
= Looking at the bill again, it seems like there are duplicate charges
식사 후 계산서를 달라고 하니 직원이 미소를 지으며 바로 가져왔어요
= When I asked for the bill after the meal, the waiter smiled and brought it right away
전광판 = electronic sign
Examples:
전광판에 표시된 숫자가 실제 결과와 다른 듯해요
= The numbers shown on the electronic display seem to differ from the actual result
저 오래된 극장 간판은 아직도 전광판이 깜빡이는 듯해요
= The old theater sign still seems to be flashing electric lights
Verbs:
깜빡이다 = to flicker, to light up
Common Usages:
눈을 깜빡이다 = to blink
Examples:
저 오래된 극장 간판은 아직도 전광판이 깜빡이는 듯해요
= The old theater sign still seems to be flashing electric lights
거리의 가로등이 깜빡이다 꺼지더니 도시 전체가 잠잠해졌어요
= The streetlights flickered and went out, and the whole city fell silent
청구하다 = to get money for, to bill
Common Usages:
비용을 청구하다 = to charge a fee
Examples:
출장비를 청구할 때에는 모든 영수증을 제출해야 해요
= You must submit all receipts when claiming business travel expenses
일을 하다가 다쳤으니까 의료비를 회사에 청구해도 돼요
= I hurt myself while working, so I’m able to bill the medical fees to the company
계산서를 다시 보니 중복 청구된 항목이 있는 듯해요
= Looking at the bill again, it seems like there are duplicate charges
신설하다 = to open, to put together something new
Examples:
정부는 교통 혼잡을 줄이기 위해 새로운 노선을 신설한 듯하다
= The government seems to have opened a new line to reduce traffic congestion
학교는 학생 수 증가에 따라 신설 교실을 마련하기로 했어요
= The school decided to establish a new classroom due to the growing number of students
회피하다 = to evade
Common Usages:
책임을 회피하다 = to evade responsibility
Examples:
그 학생은 책임을 교묘히 회피하는 듯한 말투를 사용했어요
= That student used a tone that seemed to skillfully evade responsibility
그는 책임을 회피하려는 태도로 동료들의 신뢰를 잃었어요
= He lost the trust of his colleagues because of his tendency to evade responsibility
입상하다 = to win a prize
Examples:
그 학생은 이번 대회에서도 입상한 듯해요
= That student seems to have won a prize again in this competition
그녀는 전국 미술대회에서 입상하여 예술가로서의 재능을 인정받았어요
= She won a prize at the national art competition, earning recognition as an artist
폐장하다 = to close, to shut down
Examples:
해가 지고 사람들도 떠나는 것을 보니 곧 폐장할 듯해요
= Seeing the sun set and people leaving, it seems like it will close soon
놀이공원이 폐장하자 사람들은 아쉬운 표정으로 하나둘 떠났어요
= As the amusement park closed, people left one by one with a look of regret
수용하다 = to accommodate, to seat
Examples:
이 경기장은 최대 5천 명까지 수용할 수 있는 듯해요
= This stadium seems to be able to accommodate up to 5,000 people
이 공연장은 최대 천 명을 수용할 수 있는 대규모 시설이이에요
= This concert hall is a large facility capable of accommodating up to a thousand people
Adjectives:
황당하다 = to be absurd, ridiculous
Examples:
그 사람의 설명은 사실보다 황당한 이야기인 듯했어요
= That person’s explanation seemed more like a ridiculous story than the truth
그의 변명은 너무 황당해서 듣는 사람 모두가 어이없어했어요
= His excuse was so absurd that everyone who heard it was dumbfounded
희귀하다 = to be rare
Examples:
선생님은 희귀한 고대 원서인 듯한 책을 소중히 다루었어요
= The teacher handled the book carefully, as if it were a rare original edition
그 화석은 학계에서도 보기 힘든 희귀한 자료로 평가돼요
= The fossil is considered a rare specimen even among academic researchers
침착하다 = to be calm, to be poised
Examples:
선생님은 발표 내내 시종일관 침착한 듯한 표정을 유지했어요
= The teacher maintained a calm expression throughout the presentation
그녀는 감정적으로 예민치 않아 모든 상황을 침착하게 대처했어요
= She wasn’t emotionally sensitive, so she handled all situations calmly
강아지랑 놀면 침착하게 해야 돼요
= When you play with a puppy, you need to do so calmly
부득이하다 = to be unavoidable
Common Usages:
부득이한 상황 = an unavoidable situation
Examples:
상황이 부득이한 듯하여 우리는 결정을 미룰 수밖에 없었어요
= The situation seemed unavoidable, so we had no choice but to delay the decision
친구가 집에 부득이한 일이 생겨서 오늘 학교에 오지 않았어요
= My friend couldn’t come to school today because something unavoidable came up at home
Adverbs and Other Words:
더불어 = accompanied with
Common Usages:
더불어 사는 사회 = a society where people live together harmoniously
Examples:
그 회사원은 동료들과 더불어 일하는 것을 즐기는 듯해요
= That worker seems to enjoy working alongside his colleagues
그는 늘 웃는 얼굴로 동료들과 더불어 즐겁게 일했어요
= He always worked happily together with his colleagues, wearing a cheerful smile
거뜬히 = easily/without difficulty
Examples:
노동자가 그 무거운 짐을 거뜬히 들어 올린 듯했어요
= The worker seemed to lift the heavy load effortlessly
그는 무거운 짐을 거뜬히 들어 올리며 힘을 자랑했어요
= He lifted the heavy box with ease, showing off his strength
교묘히 = skillfully, cleverly
Common Usages:
교묘히 빠져나가다 = to escape cleverly, to get out of something skillfully
Examples:
그 학생은 책임을 교묘히 회피하는 듯한 말투를 사용했어요
= That student used a tone that seemed to skillfully evade responsibility
그 선수는 상대의 움직임을 교묘히 피하며 결정적인 한 방을 날렸어요
= The athlete skillfully dodged his opponent’s moves and delivered a decisive blow
시종일관 = always, constantly
Examples:
선생님은 발표 내내 시종일관 침착한 듯한 표정을 유지했어요
= The teacher maintained a calm expression throughout the presentation
그는 시종일관 침착한 태도로 상황을 통제하며 팀을 안정시켰어요
= He remained calm from beginning to end, maintaining control and stabilizing the team
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn about a way to express your inferences using a new grammatical principle.This grammatical principle is similar to 것 같다, which you learned in an earlier lesson.. In this lesson, you will learn about 듯하다.
~ㄴ/은/는/을/ㄹ 듯하다: To seem like
In the previous lesson, you saw how entire phrases can be placed before ~기 to then be followed by 마련이다 to create a specific meaning.
듯하다 is used somewhat like 마련 in that both express a kind of inference or assumption, but they differ in form and usage. 마련 is a noun, which requires the use of 이다 to predicate it. 듯하다 is an adjective that is being described. It might seem unusual that an adjective can itself be modified like this because normally we expect nouns to be described. However, there are a few adjectives like this that can be described by things. They are called 보조형용사 in Korean. You have learned two important 보조형용사 in previous lessons:
1) Lesson 66: ~ㄹ/을 뻔하다
우리가 그 연합에 가입할 뻔했어요
= We almost joined that alliance
2) Lesson 124: ~ㄹ/을 만하다
도내 여행지는 주말에 갈 만해요
= Travel destinations within the province are worth visiting on the weekend
듯하다 works the same way as 뻔하다 and 만하다 in the sentences above. 듯하다 can be described by ~는 in the present tense, for example:
비가 오는 듯하다
This type of sentence is a formal, often literary way to say “it seems” as though something is the case. The clause before 듯하다 expresses what seems to be the case based on the speaker’s perception.
You would use the sentence when something leads the speaker to think that it is raining. The speaker wouldn’t be looking at the rain directly. Rather, the use of 듯하다 implies that there is some evidence of rain and they are making inferences that it is raining. For example, you could say the sentence above when the speaker is sitting inside, hearing raindrops on the roof, or smelling the scent of rain. From this, they would infer that it is raining and say:
비가 오는 듯하다
= It seems as though it is raining
It is possible to describe 듯하다 in the past tense, for example:
비가 온 듯하다
You would say the sentence above when something is making the speaker think as though it had rained. The speaker wouldn’t know that it rained for sure. Rather, the use of 듯하다 implies that there is some evidence that it had rained and they are making inferences that it did. For example, you could say the sentence above when the speaker is looking outside, seeing puddles on the ground. From this, they would infer that it had rained and say:
비가 온 듯하다
= It seems as though it had rained
It is possible to describe 듯하다 in the future tense, for example:
비가 올 듯하다
You would say the sentence above when something is making the speaker think as though it will rain. The speaker wouldn’t know that it will rain for sure. Rather, the use of 듯하다 implies that there is some evidence that it will rain and they are making inferences that it will. For example, you could say the sentence above when the speaker is looking outside, seeing dark clouds forming in the sky. From this, they would infer that it will rain and say:
비가 올 듯하다
= It seems as though it will rain
Notice that in all situations, the inference is based on some sort of perception, but not a direct encounter with the action truth.
Below are many more examples:
노동자가 그 무거운 짐을 거뜬히 들어 올린 듯했어요
= The worker seemed to lift the heavy load effortlessly
그 학생은 이번 대회에서도 입상한 듯해요
= That student seems to have won a prize again in this competition
그 사람의 설명은 사실보다 황당한 이야기인 듯했어요
= That person’s explanation seemed more like a ridiculous story than the truth
전광판에 표시된 숫자가 실제 결과와 다른 듯해요
= The numbers shown on the electronic display seem to differ from the actual result
학생은 종전의 입장과는 다른 듯한 태도를 보였어요
= The student showed an attitude that seemed different from his previous stance
그 회사원은 동료들과 더불어 일하는 것을 즐기는 듯해요
= That worker seems to enjoy working alongside his colleagues
이 경기장은 최대 5천 명까지 수용할 수 있는 듯해요
= This stadium seems to be able to accommodate up to 5,000 people
계산서를 다시 보니 중복 청구된 항목이 있는 듯해요
= Looking at the bill again, it seems like there are duplicate charges
그 학생은 책임을 교묘히 회피하는 듯한 말투를 사용했어요
= That student used a tone that seemed to skillfully evade responsibility
해가 지고 사람들도 떠나는 것을 보니 곧 폐장할 듯해요
= Seeing the sun set and people leaving, it seems like it will close soon
선생님은 희귀한 고대 원서인 듯한 책을 소중히 다루었어요
= The teacher handled the book carefully, as if it were a rare original edition
저 오래된 극장 간판은 아직도 전광판이 깜빡이는 듯해요
= The old theater sign still seems to be flashing electric lights
선생님은 발표 내내 시종일관 침착한 듯한 표정을 유지했어요
= The teacher maintained a calm expression throughout the presentation
상황이 부득이한 듯하여 우리는 결정을 미룰 수밖에 없었어요
= The situation seemed unavoidable, so we had no choice but to delay the decision
정부는 교통 혼잡을 줄이기 위해 새로운 노선을 신설한 듯하다
= The government seems to have opened a new line to reduce traffic congestion
That’s it for this lesson!