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~(으)리: Strong Intent (Archaic)
~(으)리라고: To Think Something Will Happen
Vocabulary
Nouns:
악 = evil, wickedness
농지 = farmland
법안 = bill (in law)
성명 = statement, announcement
관념 = idea, sense, concept
작전 = plan, strategy, military operation
안간힘 = all of one’s might
기원제 = ritual ceremony to pray for good fortune
사상가 = thinker
구호품 = relief supplies
Verbs:
생존하다 = to to survive, to remain alive
배부하다 = to distribute
배치하다 = to arrange
자리하다 = to be situated, to occupy a place, to have a place
되풀이하다 = to repeat, to do over and over
Adjectives:
선하다 = for a memory to be vivid
뚜렷하다 = to be clear, to be obvious, to be distinct
미진하다 = to be inadequate, incomplete, insufficient
머지않다 = to be not far off, to be soon
Adverbs and Other Words:
제멋대로 = as one pleases, however one wants
Introduction
Unit 9! I can’t believe it! 201 lessons in! If you’ve made it this far, you are probably speaking Korean really well. From this point on, our grammar lessons will likely get you from being 98% Korean sounding to 99% Korean sounding. Hold on tight!
In this lesson, you will learn about ~(으)리 and how it is commonly used as ~(으)리라고 in modern Korean. Let’s get started.
~(으)리: Strong Intent (Archaic)
~(으)리 is an archaic grammatical principle that attaches to verbs. Although archaic, it can sometimes be found in literary writing, songs, speeches, dramatic language, slogans, etc. When used to express intent, the speaker expresses a very strong determination to do an action, often in contexts involving love, death, or sacrifice. For example:
바람이 불어도 꺼지지 않으리
= Even if the wind blows, I shall not be extinguished
죽어도 잊지 않으리
= Even if I die, I shall not forget
~(으)리 is roughly equivalent to “will” or “would” in English. However, due to its archaic and literary nature, I feel like “shall” is a good translation as well.
~(으)리라고: To Think Something Will Happen
In Lesson 52, you learned how to make quoted sentences in Korean. In that lesson, you saw how to apply ~(이)라고 when quoting a phrase that is predicated by 이다. For example:
우리 선생님은 제가 나쁜 학생이라고 했어요
= Our teacher said I am a bad student
As you saw in Lesson 52, this type of quoting is also used when a person “thinks” something is the case. For example:
캐나다와 미국은 비슷한 나라라고 생각해요
= I think Canada and the United States are similar countries
You can attach ~(이)라고 to the ending ~(으)리 that was discussed in the previous section. ~(으)리 always ends in a vowel sound (리), so you attach -라고 rather than -이라고. Therefore, the entire construction is ~(으)리라고. The word that follows ~(으)리라고 is usually 생각하다, allowing the speaker to express what they think, expect, or predict will happen. For example:
다 끝나리라고 생각해요
= I think it will all be over
그가 오리라고 생각해요
= I think he will come
그 사람이 이해하리라고 생각해요
= I think that person will understand
이 영화가 재미있으리라고 생각해요
= I think this movie will be fun
When 생각하다 is used in the past tense, the speaker is describing what they previously expected or believed would happen. Depending on the context, this can imply that their expectation turned out to be wrong.
For example:
그 선수가 이기리라고 생각했어요
= I thought that athlete would win
그렇게 말하리라고 생각 못 했어요
= I didn’t think he would say that
사람들이 좋아하리라고 생각했어요
= I thought people would like it
Let’s look at many more examples:
그 남자가 늘 제멋대로 행동하리라고 생각했어요
= I thought that man would always act as he pleased
조사가 미진하리라고 생각한 사람은 아무도 없었어요
= No one thought the investigation would be inadequate
설명을 듣고 나니 구조가 좀 더 뚜렷해지리라고 생각해요
= After hearing the explanation, I think the structure will become a little clearer
학생이 그 말에 특별한 의미를 부여하리라고는 생각 못 했어요
= I didn’t think the student would attach any special meaning to those words
마을 어르신들은 올해도 기원제가 열리리라고 생각하시겠지요
= The village elders probably think that the prayer ceremony will be held again this year
야당의 반대가 심하지만 결국에는 법안이 통과되리라고 생각해요
= The opposition is strong, but I think the bill will eventually pass
그 사상가는 현실보다는 이상적인 관념을 따르리라고 생각됩니다
= It is thought that the thinker will follow idealistic ideas rather than reality
그 사람이 어떤 상황에서도 폭력에 동조하리라고 생각하지 않아요
= I don’t think that person would ever sympathize with violence under any circumstances.
시간이 많이 흘렀지만 그날의 기억은 아직도 선하리라고 생각해요
= Although a lot of time has passed, I think the memory of that day is still vivid
인간의 마음속에는 누구에게나 악이 조금은 자리하리라고 생각해요
= I think everyone has at least a little evil in their heart
정부가 모든 주민에게 구호품을 배부하고 필요한 곳에 인력을 배치하리라고 생각해요
= I think the government will distribute relief supplies to all the residents and deploy personnel where they are needed
Although the word after ~(으)리라고 is usually 생각하다, other words are possible. You may also use other words to describe what people expect, believe, or feel, such as 예상하다, 믿다, or 느끼다. For example:
그녀가 끝까지 안간힘을 다하리라고 믿어요
= I believe that she will do everything she can until the very end
이 작전이 실패하리라고는 아무도 예상하지 못했어요
= No one expected that this operation would fail
같은 실수를 다시는 되풀이하지 않으리라고 다짐했어요
= I vowed never to repeat the same mistake again
상대가 우리를 이 정도로 경계하리라고는 예상하지 못했어요
= I didn’t expect the other side to be this cautious of us
이 지역에서 사람들이 계속 생존하리라고는 누구도 예상하지 못했어요
= No one expected that people would continue to survive in this area
개발이 계속된다면 이 지역의 농지는 머지않아 사라지리라고 예상돼요
= If development continues, the farmland in this area is expected to disappear before long
That’s it for this lesson!