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~ㄴ/은/는데다가: Piling on Information
Vocabulary
Nouns:
앞뒤 = front and back
술수 = trick, scheme
분쟁 = dispute
비난 = criticism
비운 = misfortune
멸종 = extinction
위기종 = endangered species
국제적 = international
국제화 = globalization
지원자 = applicant
지원서 = application form
재도전 = re-challenge, second challenge
실행력 = execution skills
Verbs:
처하다 = to face, to deal with
줄어들다 = to decrease, to shrink
포획하다 = to capture, to poach an animal
탈락하다 = to be eliminated
팔아넘기다 = to sell off, to sell away
Adjectives:
거세다 = to be fierce
치밀하다 = to be elaborate
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn how to combine two grammatical principles that you learned in the past ~ㄴ/은/는데 and ~다가. Let’s get started.
~ㄴ/은/는데다가: Piling on Information
In Lessons 76 and 77, you saw how you can add ~ㄴ/은데 to adjectives and ~는데 to verbs. You learned how you can use ~ㄴ/은데 or ~는데 to give the reader context or information for the upcoming clause. For example:
그 지역은 분쟁이 심한데 해결 방법을 찾기 어렵습니다
= The disputes in that region are severe, but finding a solution is difficult
In Lesson 88, you saw how you can use ~다가 in a very specific situations.
It is possible to attach ~다가 to ~ㄴ/은/는데. ~ㄴ/은데다가 can be attached to adjectives and ~는데다가 can be attached to verbs. When used, it implies that the speaker is piling one piece of information onto another. In doing so, the clause after ~ㄴ/은/는데다가 intensifies, or adds weight to the first one. For example:
그 남자는 친절한데다가 성실하기까지 해요.
= That man is not only kind but also sincere
You might be tempted to think that this is very similar to ~고 (Lesson 17). For example:
그 남자는 친절하고 성실해요
= That man is kind and sincere
In this example, the speaker’s nuance is neutral. It is simply two facts – that he is kind and sincere. When ~ㄴ/은/는데다가 is used, it adds an accumulative nuance. The second fact often makes the first situation feel worse or more impactful. Below are many more example sentences:
오늘은 바람이 거센데다가 비도 많이 와요
= Today the wind is not only fierce but also it’s raining a lot
이번 시험은 지원자가 많은데다가 경쟁도 치열해요
= This exam not only has many applicants but also has fierce competition
그 선수는 실력이 뛰어난데다가 술수까지 잘 부려요
= That player is not only skilled but also good at tricks
그 문제는 국제적 문제인데다가 해결도 쉽지 않아요
= That problem is not only international but also difficult to solve
우리 아들은 못생긴데다가 비운의 사랑까지 겪었어요
= Our son, not only not attractive but, on top of that, experienced a tragic love
불법으로 동물을 포획하는데다가 해외로 팔아넘겼어요
= They not only captured animals illegally but also sold them overseas
그는 계획을 치밀하게 세운데다가 실행력도 뛰어났어요
= He not only made his plans meticulously, but also had excellent execution skills
그는 1차에서 탈락했는데다가 재도전 기회도 얻지 못했어요
= He was not only eliminated in the first round but also had no chance to try again
그 지역은 오랫동안 분쟁이 심한데다가 경제 상황도 나빠요
= That region not only has severe disputes but also a poor economy
그는 언론의 비난을 받고 있는 데다가 동료들의 신뢰도 잃었어요
= He not only faces criticism from the press but also lost his colleagues’ trust
그 동물은 멸종 위기에 처해 있는데다가 서식지도 줄어들고 있어요
= That animal is not only on the verge of extinction, but its habitat is also shrinking
그 학생은 앞뒤를 가리지도 않고 일을 벌리는 데다가 책임도 지지 않아요
= That student not only fails to consider the consequences, but also doesn’t take responsibility
That’s it for this lesson!