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~(이)나마: Accepting an Unsatisfactory Situation
Vocabulary
Nouns:
분규 = dispute
Examples:
분규가 해결된 것은 아니지만 대화로나마 이어가는 게 중요해요
= The dispute hasn’t been resolved, but continuing through dialogue at least is important
노사 간의 분규가 장기화되면서 생산 라인이 중단되었어요
= The prolonged labor dispute caused a halt in the production line
권익 = rights and interests
Common Usages:
권익보호 = protection of rights and interests
Examples:
정부는 국민의 권익을 보호하기 위한 제도를 강화했어요
= The government strengthened systems to protect citizens’ rights and interests
그 사람들의 권익을 완전히 지키지 못해도 노력이나마 보여줘야 하지 않아요?
= Even if we can’t fully protect the rights of those people, shouldn’t we at least show some recognition?
위안 = comfort
Common Usages:
마음의 위안 = emotional comfort, consolation
위안을 얻다 = to gain comfort, to find consolation
Examples:
상대의 반응을 유도하진 못했지만 주목이나마 위안이 되었어
= I couldn’t draw out a response from the other person, but at least their attention was some consolation
안개가 짙었지만 수평선의 윤곽이나마 보이는 게 위안이 되었어요
= Though foggy, at least the outline of the horizon gave me comfort
임자 = owner, possessor
Common Usages:
임자를 찾다 = to find the right owner, to find a match
Examples:
이 책의 진짜 임자는 그 가치를 알아보는 사람일 것이다
= The true owner of this book is someone who recognizes its value
잃어버린 개에게 임자가 있을지 몰라도 따뜻한 말이나마 건네주고 싶었어요
= The lost dog might have an owner, but I wanted to at least say something kind
줄기 = stem, stalk, branch
Common Usages:
줄기세포 = stem cell
물줄기 = stream of water, water flow
Examples:
장미의 줄기는 가시투성이예요
= The stem of a rose is prickly
꽃은 시들었지만 줄기나마 살아 있어서 다행이에요
= The flower wilted, but thankfully the stem was still alive
결실 = fruition, the fruits of
Common Usages:
결실을 맺다 = to bear fruit, to produce results
노력의 결실 = the fruit of one’s effort
Examples:
큰 결실은 아니더라도 노력의 흔적이나마 남겼어요
= It wasn’t a big result, but at least a trace of effort was left
성공에 대한 끊임없는 노력 끝에 드디어 결실을 맺었어요
= At the end of my constant efforts for success was the long awaited fruits of my labor
윤곽 = outline
Common Usages:
윤곽을 나타내다 = to show the outline
윤곽을 드러내다 = to reveal the outline, to take shape
윤곽을 잡다 = to get the general outline
윤곽선 = contour line, outline
Examples:
안개가 짙었지만 수평선의 윤곽이나마 보이는 게 위안이 되었어요
= Though foggy, at least the outline of the horizon gave me comfort
소설을 1년에 안에 쓸 건데 지금까지는 소설의 윤곽만 잡혔어요
= I will write a novel in a year, but so far I only have the outline done
윤곽선 = contour line
Examples:
이 그림의 윤곽선을 펜으로 따라 그려 보세요
= Try tracing the outline of this drawing with a pen
법무 = legal affairs
Common Usages:
법무부 = ministry of justice
Examples:
그는 회사의 법무 관련 일을 맡아서 하고 있어요
= He is in charge of the company’s legal affairs
법무 문제로 대표님이 직접 못왔지만 직원이나마 보내줬어요
= Because of legal issues, the CEO couldn’t come in person, but at least he sent an employee
법무부 = ministry of justice
Example:
법무부는 인권 보호 강화를 위한 새로운 지침을 발표했어요
= The Ministry of Justice announced new guidelines to strengthen human rights protection
수평선 = horizontal line, horizon
Examples:
바다의 수평선 너머로 해가 천천히 지고 있었어요
= The sun slowly set beyond the horizon over the sea
안개가 짙었지만 수평선의 윤곽이나마 보이는 게 위안이 되었어요
= Though foggy, at least the outline of the horizon gave me comfort
발언권 = right to speak
Common Usages:
발언권을 얻다 = to gain the right to speak, to obtain the floor
Examples:
그 사람들은 오랫동안 탄압을 받았지만 지금은 발언권이나마 얻었어요
= Those people were long suppressed, but have at least gained a voice now
모든 참석자는 발언권을 갖고 자유롭게 의견을 제시할 수 있어요
= Every participant has the right to speak and freely express opinions
Verbs:
이어가다 = to keep going, to continue going
Common Usages:
가업을 이어가다 = to carry on the family business
생계를 이어가다 = to make a living, to sustain one’s livelihood
Examples:
그 사람은 말수가 적어서 대화를 이어가기 어렵다
= That person barely talks, which makes it difficult to continue a conversation with him
분규가 해결된 것은 아니지만 대화로나마 이어가는 게 중요해요
= The dispute hasn’t been resolved, but continuing through dialogue at least is important
유도하다 = to induce
Common Usages:
반응을 유도하다 = to induce a reaction
유도 분만 = induced labor
Examples:
상대의 반응을 유도하진 못했지만 주목이나마 위안이 되었어요
= I couldn’t draw out a response from the other person, but at least their attention was some consolation
그녀는 아이의 호기심을 유도하기 위해 다양한 질문을 던졌어요
= She asked various questions to stimulate the child’s curiosity
탄압하다 = to suppress
Common Usages:
언론을 탄압하다 = to suppress the press
Examples:
정부는 불법 시위를 탄압하기 위해 강경 대응에 나섰어요
= The government took a hard-line stance to suppress illegal demonstrations
그 사람들은 오랫동안 탄압을 받았지만 지금은 발언권이나마 얻었어요
= Those people were long suppressed, but have at least gained a voice now
간직하다 = to cherish
Common Usages:
소중히 간직하다 = to cherish and keep
죽을 때까지 간직하다 = to keep until death
Examples:
선생님이 저를 위해 써 주신 편지를 영원히 간직할 거예요
= I will always treasure the letter that my teacher wrote for me
복슬복슬한 강아지는 없어졌지만 강아지 사진이나마 간직하고 있어요
= The shaggy puppy is gone, but I at least have the photo
Adjectives:
단정하다 = to be neat
Common Usages:
옷차림이 단정하다 = to be neatly dressed
Examples:
확실한 정보가 없이 단정하기 어렵습니다
= It’s hard to make a judgement without clear information
옷이 남루했지만 단정하게나마 입고 나왔어요
= Though the clothes were shabby, he at least wore them neatly
남루하다 = to be ragged, to be shabby
Examples:
옷이 남루했지만 단정하게나마 입고 나왔어요
= Though the clothes were shabby, he at least wore them neatly
그의 옷차림은 남루했지만 눈빛만은 강렬했어요
= His clothes were shabby, but his eyes burned with intensity
복슬복슬하다 = to be shaggy
Common Usages:
털이 복슬복슬하다 = to be fluffy, to have soft bushy fur
Examples:
복슬복슬한 강아지는 없어졌지만 강아지 사진이나마 간직하고 있어요
= The shaggy puppy is gone, but I at least have the photo
그 강아지는 복슬복슬한 털 때문에 사람들의 사랑을 한 몸에 받았어요
= The puppy’s shaggy fur made everyone adore it
노심초사하다 = to be very worried
Examples:
그녀는 아들의 건강이 걱정돼 노심초사하며 밤을 새웠어요
= She stayed up all night, deeply worried about her son’s health
그의 노심초사하는 표정을 보고서 진심이나마 그의 마음을 알게 되었어요
= After seeing his anxious expression I at least realized his sincerity
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn another particle that can be used to create a meaning similar to ~지만 or ~아/어도. In this lesson, you will learn about ~(이)나마. Let’s get started!
~(이)나마: Accepting an Unsatisfactory Situation
You can attach ~(이)나마 to nouns and adverbs to indicate that one has accepted a situation despite it not being perfectly satisfactory. Let’s look at some simple examples.
물이나마 마셔요 = Drink some water
사과나마 드릴까요? = Can I give you an apple?
천천히나마 할까요? = Shall I do it slowly?
As you can see, ~이나마 is added to nouns and adverbs ending in a consonant, and ~나마 is added to nouns and adverbs ending in a vowel. It is also possible to add ~나마 to adjectives that have been turned into adverbs through the use of ~게 (from Lesson 8). For fun, let’s apply this to words using ~답다 and ~롭다, which were covered in the previous two lessons (Lessons 182 and Lesson 183):
학생답게나마 행동하려고 노력했어요 = I tried to behave like a student should
명예롭게나마 퇴장하길 원했어요 = He wanted to leave with a little honor
Like a lot of the grammatical principles you are learning in Unit 8, the use of ~(이)나마 is quite literary, and it’s not used as much in everyday conversation. It is fine to use, but you are more likely to see it used in literature.
The translations given so far are quite literal and don’t fully reflect the nuance. The purpose of ~(이)나마, similar to ~(이)라도 (Lesson 111) is to indicate that the speaker isn’t totally satisfied with the situation is happening. However, when ~(이)나마 is attached to a noun they accept it because “at least” the noun that ~(이)나마 is attached to is available. In the case of an adverb, “at least” the situation is happening that particular way. Therefore, the translations above are better as:
물이나마 마셔요 = At least drink some water
사과나마 드릴까요? = Can I at least offer you an apple?
천천히나마 할까요? = Shall I at least do it slowly?
학생답게나마 행동하려고 노력했어요 = I tried to at least behave like a student should
명예롭게나마 퇴장하길 원했어요 = He wanted to leave with at least little honor
In a sense, the speaker is conceding some undesirable situation while still trying to be positive about something else. This makes sentences with ~(이)나마 have a bit of a humble tone. Below are many more examples:
옷이 남루했지만 단정하게나마 입고 나왔어요
= Though the clothes were shabby, he at least wore them neatly
꽃은 시들었지만 줄기나마 살아 있어서 다행이에요
= The flower wilted, but thankfully the stem was still alive
큰 결실은 아니더라도 노력의 흔적이나마 남겼어요
= It wasn’t a big result, but at least a trace of effort was left
법무 문제로 대표님이 직접 못왔지만 직원이나마 보내줬어요
= Because of legal issues, the CEO couldn’t come in person, but at least he sent an employee
상대의 반응을 유도하진 못했지만 주목이나마 위안이 되었어요
= I couldn’t draw out a response from the other person, but at least their attention was some consolation
그 사람들은 오랫동안 탄압을 받았지만 지금은 발언권이나마 얻었어요
= Those people were long suppressed, but have at least gained a voice now
안개가 짙었지만 수평선의 윤곽이나마 보이는 게 위안이 되었어요
= Though foggy, at least the outline of the horizon gave me comfort
복슬복슬한 강아지는 없어졌지만 강아지 사진이나마 간직하고 있어요
= The shaggy puppy is gone, but I at least have the photo
분규가 해결된 것은 아니지만 대화로나마 이어가는 게 중요해요
= The dispute hasn’t been resolved, but continuing through dialogue at least is important
그 사람들의 권익을 완전히 지키지 못해도 노력이나마 보여줘야 하지 않아요?
= Even if we can’t fully protect the rights of those people, shouldn’t we at least show some recognition?
그의 노심초사하는 표정을 보고서 진심이나마 그의 마음을 알게 되었어요
= After seeing his anxious expression I at least realized his sincerity
잃어버린 개에게 임자가 있을지 몰라도 따뜻한 말이나마 건네주고 싶었어요
= The lost dog might have an owner, but I wanted to at least say something kind
That’s it for this lesson!
