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~ㄴ/은/는데다가: Piling on Information
Vocabulary
Nouns:
앞뒤 = front and back
Common Usages:
앞뒤가 맞다 = to make sense, to be logical
앞뒤가 맞지 않다 = to be illogical, to be inconsistent
Examples:
그는 앞뒤를 가리지 않고 무작정 행동하는 습관이 있어요
= He has a habit of acting recklessly without thinking things through
그 학생은 앞뒤를 가리지도 않고 일을 벌리는 데다가 책임도 지지 않아요
= That student not only fails to consider the consequences, but also doesn’t take responsibility
술수 = trick, scheme
Common Usages:
술수를 쓰다 = to use tricks, to use cunning tactics
Examples:
그 선수는 실력이 뛰어난데다가 술수까지 잘 부려요
= That player is not only skilled but also good at tricks
상대 팀은 경기 중 여러 가지 술수를 써서 승리를 노렸어요
= The opposing team used various tricks during the match to secure victory
분쟁 = dispute
Common Usages:
분쟁을 일으키다 = to cause a dispute
Examples:
그 지역은 오랫동안 분쟁이 심한데다가 경제 상황도 나빠요
= That region not only has severe disputes but also a poor economy
두 나라 간의 국경 분쟁이 점점 심화되고 있어요
= The border dispute between the two countries is growing more intense
비난 = criticism
Common Usages:
맹비난 = harsh criticism
비난이 쇄도하다 = to receive a flood of criticism
Examples:
그는 언론의 비난을 받고 있는 데다가 동료들의 신뢰도 잃었어요
= He not only faces criticism from the press but also lost his colleagues’ trust
그의 결정은 많은 비난을 받았지만 그는 끝까지 입장을 고수했어요
= His decision faced much criticism, but he stuck to his position until the end
비운 = misfortune
Common Usages:
비운의 주인공 = tragic figure
Examples:
우리 아들은 못생긴데다가 비운의 사랑까지 겪었어요
= Our son, not only not attractive but, on top of that, experienced a tragic love
그녀는 젊은 나이에 불의의 사고로 비운의 생을 마감했어요
= She met an unfortunate end at a young age due to a tragic accident
멸종 = extinction
Common Usages:
멸종 위기 = endangered
멸종 위기종 = endangered species
멸종 위기에 처하다 = to be on the brink of extinction
Examples:
야생 여우는 점점 멸종되고 있어요
= Wild foxes are gradually becoming extinct
그 동물은 멸종 위기에 처해 있는데다가 서식지도 줄어들고 있어요
= That animal is not only on the verge of extinction, but its habitat is also shrinking
위기종 = endangered species
Examples:
호랑이는 현재 세계적으로 보호받는 대표적인 위기종이에요
= The tiger is one of the most well-known endangered species under global protection
국제적 = international
Common Usages:
국제적 망신 = international disgrace
Examples:
그 문제는 국제적 문제인데다가 해결도 쉽지 않아요
= That problem is not only international but also difficult to solve
기후 변화 문제는 국제적 협력이 필요한 사안이에요
= The issue of climate change requires international cooperation
국제화 = globalization
Common Usages:
국제화 전략 = globalization strategy
Example:
세계화의 흐름 속에서 기업들은 빠르게 국제화를 추진하고 있어요
= Amid globalization, companies are rapidly advancing internationalization
지원자 = applicant
Examples:
지원자를 심사하거나 말거나 기준은 똑같아야 해요
= Whether they screen the applicants or not, the standards should be the same
이번 시험은 지원자가 많은데다가 경쟁도 치열해요
= This exam not only has many applicants but also has fierce competition
지원서 = application form
Common Usages:
지원서 검토 = application review
Examples:
지원서를 작성할 때는 오타나 누락이 없는지 꼼꼼히 확인해야 해요
= When filling out the application form, you must carefully check for typos or omissions
재도전 = re-challenge, second challenge
Examples:
그는 첫 실패에도 포기하지 않고 재도전에 나섰어요
= Despite his first failure, he didn’t give up and tried again
그는 1차에서 탈락했는데다가 재도전 기회도 얻지 못했어요
= He was not only eliminated in the first round but also had no chance to try again
실행력 = execution skills
Examples:
그는 계획을 치밀하게 세운데다가 실행력도 뛰어났어요
= He not only made his plans meticulously, but also had excellent execution skills
그녀는 뛰어난 실행력으로 모든 일을 계획대로 마무리했어요
= She completed all tasks as planned thanks to her strong execution skills
Verbs:
처하다 = to face, to deal with
Common Usages:
위기에 처하다 = to be in crisis
Examples:
꿀벌이 사라질 위험에 처했어요
= Honey bees are facing risk of extinction
어제 벌어진 일 때문에 아주 난감한 상황에 처했어요
= I am facing a difficult situation because of what happened yesterday
위기를 어떻게 대처하느냐에 따라서 결과가 달라질 수 있어요
= The outcome can vary depending on how you handle the crisis
줄어들다 = to decrease, to shrink
Common Usages:
옷이 줄어들다 = to shrink (clothing)
Examples:
이 도시에서 폭력 사건이 줄어들고 있어요
= Violent incidents are decreasing in this city
저항력이 강하면 감염병에 걸릴 확률이 줄어들어요
= Strong resistance reduces the likelihood of getting infectious diseases
그 동물은 멸종 위기에 처해 있는데다가 서식지도 줄어들고 있어요
= That animal is not only on the verge of extinction, but its habitat is also shrinking
포획하다 = to capture, to poach an animal
Common Usages:
불법포획하다 = to capture illegally
Examples:
불법으로 동물을 포획하는데다가 해외로 팔아넘겼어요
= They not only captured animals illegally but also sold them overseas
불법 어업 단속반이 희귀 어종을 포획한 어선을 검거했어요
= The illegal fishing patrol caught a boat that had poached rare fish
탈락하다 = to be eliminated
Examples:
그는 1차에서 탈락했는데다가 재도전 기회도 얻지 못했어요
= He was not only eliminated in the first round but also had no chance to try again
그는 예선에서 탈락했지만 최선을 다했기에 후회는 없었어요
= Although he was eliminated in the preliminaries, he had no regrets because he gave his best
팔아넘기다 = to sell off, to sell away
Common Usages:
헐값에 팔아넘기다 = to sell off at a dirt-cheap price
Examples:
불법으로 동물을 포획하는데다가 해외로 팔아넘겼어요
= They not only captured animals illegally but also sold them overseas
가난한 농부는 생계를 위해 땅을 팔아넘길 수밖에 없었어요
= The poor farmer had no choice but to sell off his land to make a living
Adjectives:
거세다 = to be fierce
Common Usages:
반발이 거세다 = to have strong backlash
Examples:
폭풍이 오늘 밤 더 거세질 거에요
= The storm will intensify tonight
바름이 거세게 불어서 테니스를 치기 힘들겠어요
= The weather is blowing fiercely, it will be hard to play tennis
치밀하다 = to be elaborate
Common Usages:
계획이 치밀하다 = the plan is meticulous
Examples:
그는 계획을 치밀하게 세운데다가 실행력도 뛰어났어요
= He not only made his plans meticulously, but also had excellent execution skills
그녀는 모든 일을 치밀하게 계획해 단 한 번의 실수도 없었어요
= She planned everything meticulously and didn’t make a single mistake
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn how to combine two grammatical principles that you learned in the past ~ㄴ/은/는데 and ~다가. Let’s get started.
~ㄴ/은/는데다가: Piling on Information
In Lessons 76 and 77, you saw how you can add ~ㄴ/은데 to adjectives and ~는데 to verbs. You learned how you can use ~ㄴ/은데 or ~는데 to give the reader context or information for the upcoming clause. For example:
그 지역은 분쟁이 심한데 해결 방법을 찾기 어렵습니다
= The disputes in that region are severe, but finding a solution is difficult
In Lesson 88, you saw how you can use ~다가 in a very specific situations.
It is possible to attach ~다가 to ~ㄴ/은/는데. ~ㄴ/은데다가 can be attached to adjectives and ~는데다가 can be attached to verbs. When used, it implies that the speaker is piling one piece of information onto another. In doing so, the clause after ~ㄴ/은/는데다가 intensifies, or adds weight to the first one. For example:
그 남자는 친절한데다가 성실하기까지 해요
= That man is not only kind but also sincere
You might be tempted to think that this is very similar to ~고 (Lesson 17). For example:
그 남자는 친절하고 성실해요
= That man is kind and sincere
In this example, the speaker’s nuance is neutral. It is simply two facts – that he is kind and sincere. When ~ㄴ/은/는데다가 is used, it adds an accumulative nuance. The second fact often makes the first situation feel worse or more impactful. Below are many more example sentences:
오늘은 바람이 거센데다가 비도 많이 와요
= Today the wind is not only fierce but also it’s raining a lot
이번 시험은 지원자가 많은데다가 경쟁도 치열해요
= This exam not only has many applicants but also has fierce competition
그 선수는 실력이 뛰어난데다가 술수까지 잘 부려요
= That player is not only skilled but also good at tricks
그 문제는 국제적 문제인데다가 해결도 쉽지 않아요
= That problem is not only international but also difficult to solve
우리 아들은 못생긴데다가 비운의 사랑까지 겪었어요
= Our son, not only not attractive but, on top of that, experienced a tragic love
불법으로 동물을 포획하는데다가 해외로 팔아넘겼어요
= They not only captured animals illegally but also sold them overseas
그는 계획을 치밀하게 세운데다가 실행력도 뛰어났어요
= He not only made his plans meticulously, but also had excellent execution skills
그는 1차에서 탈락했는데다가 재도전 기회도 얻지 못했어요
= He was not only eliminated in the first round but also had no chance to try again
그 지역은 오랫동안 분쟁이 심한데다가 경제 상황도 나빠요
= That region not only has severe disputes but also a poor economy
그는 언론의 비난을 받고 있는 데다가 동료들의 신뢰도 잃었어요
= He not only faces criticism from the press but also lost his colleagues’ trust
그 동물은 멸종 위기에 처해 있는데다가 서식지도 줄어들고 있어요
= That animal is not only on the verge of extinction, but its habitat is also shrinking
그 학생은 앞뒤를 가리지도 않고 일을 벌리는 데다가 책임도 지지 않아요
= That student not only fails to consider the consequences, but also doesn’t take responsibility
That’s it for this lesson!