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~롭다: To possess a quality or characteristic fully
Vocabulary
Nouns:
의 = justice
불의 = injustice
풍요 = richness, abundance
사치 = luxury
사치품 = luxury good
활기 = vitality, vigor
권위 = authority
권위적 = authoritative
권위주의 = authoritarianism
슬기 = wisdom
감미 = sweet taste
Verbs:
이끌다 = to guide, to pull along
이끌리다 = to be led, to be pulled along
Adjectives:
의롭다 = to be righteous, just
풍요롭다 = to be abundant, plentiful
사치롭다 = to be luxurious, extravagant
슬기롭다 = to be wise
향기롭다 = to be fragrant
명예롭다 = to be honorable
감미롭다 = to be sweet tasting
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn another way to turn nouns into adjectives. This time, using the addition ~롭다. Let’s get started!
~롭다: To Possess a Quality or Characteristic Fully
In Lesson 182, you saw how you can attach ~답다 to certain nouns referring to the identity of an individual to turn it into an adjective. ~롭다 has a similar function, but the type of nouns it attaches to are different, and therefore the overall meaning of the construction differs as well.
~롭다 is added to nouns that describe conditions or abstract concepts, not roles or identities of individuals. By attaching ~롭다, you can indicate that something is “full of” or “has the quality of” the noun it is attached to. Things can’t be “full of” women in any way, so attaching ~롭다 to 여자 won’t work. However, things can be “full of” things like freedom, peace, wisdom or relaxation.
Indeed, ~롭다 is used with abstract nouns that usually describe some sort of state or quality.
You have seen many ~롭다 adjectives in our lessons so far. Here are some of the ones that have been sprinkled in our lessons so far:
자유 = freedom
자유롭다 = to be free
평화 = peace
평화롭다 = to be peaceful
여유 = sufficiency in time, space
여유롭다 = to be relaxed, carefree, unhurried
지혜 = wisdom
지혜롭다 = to be wise
Here are a few more that are just being introduced in this lesson:
의 = justice
의롭다 = to be righteous, just
풍요 = richness, abundance
풍요롭다 = to be abundant, plentiful
사치 = luxury
사치롭다 = to be luxurious, extravagant
The examples above are all quite common. So common that both the noun and ~롭다 adjective are words. For example, both 사치 and 사치롭다 have entries in a Korean dictionary. ~롭다 itself is a grammatical addition on its own, so there are many nouns that it can be added to where the resulting construction is not a word on its own. These nouns exist in the dictionary, but their ~롭다 forms might not be listed as separate dictionary entries.
활기 = vitality, vigor
활기롭다 = to be lively, full of energy
권위 = authority
권위롭다 = to be authoritative, dignified
Now that you have seen all of these nouns and combinations with ~롭다, you can see the meaning that ~롭다 adds. For example, the world 활기 refers to the noun of vigor on its own. However, if somebody is 활기롭다, they are full of vigor. ~답다 cannot be added to 활기 because it doesn’t refer to the role of a person.
Another interesting thing that you may have noticed is that ~롭다 is only attached to nouns that end in a vowel. Therefore, you will never see ~롭다 attached to a noun ending in a consonant. Below are many examples showing ~롭다 in use:
애기의 목소리는 마치 꿀처럼 감미로웠어요
= The baby’s voice was as sweet as honey
아빠는 어려운 상황에서도 의로운 선택을 했어요
= Dad made a righteous choice even in a difficult situation
그 교수님은 말 한마디에도 권위로움이 느껴져요
= You can feel his authority even in a single word he says
사치로운 생활이 결국 그 사람의 인생을 망쳤어요
= A life of extravagance eventually ruined that person
그는 명예로운 죽음을 맞이하며 모두의 존경을 받았어요
= He met an honorable death and earned everyone’s respect
어머니는 언제나 슬기로운 말로 우리를 이끌어 주셨어요
= Mother always guided us with wise words
정원의 장미꽃이 너무 향기로워서 매일 산책이 즐거워요
= The roses in the garden are so fragrant that daily walks are enjoyable
슬기롭게 위기를 극복하는 태도가 리더에게는 중요해요
= A wise approach to overcoming crisis is important for a leader
아침 시장은 사람들로 가득 차 활기로운 분위기를 자아냈어요
= The morning market was full of people and had a lively atmosphere
이 마을은 자연이 아름답고 삶이 풍요로워서 사람들이 떠나지 않아요
= This village is rich in nature and life is abundant, so people don’t leave
You might be thinking that ~롭다 is similar to adding ~스럽다. While similar in form, ~스럽다 is more specifically added to feelings or emotions that are more subjective. Indeed, when adding ~스럽다, creates an adjective that feels a certain way. Whereas the addition of ~롭다 creates an adjective that indicates that something is “full of” that trait. With ~롭다 it is a more inherent, objective noun that gets turned into an adjective. Conversely, ~스럽다 is more of an emotional feel.
That’s it for this lesson!