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~롭다: To possess a quality or characteristic fully
Vocabulary
Nouns:
의 = justice
Examples:
그는 평생 의를 지키며 부당한 일에는 결코 타협하지 않았어요
= He upheld justice throughout his life and never compromised with wrongdoing
불의 = injustice
Common Usages:
불의를 보면 참지 않다 = to not tolerate injustice
Examples:
그 정치인은 불의에 맞서 싸우겠다고 단호히 말했어요
= The politician firmly declared that he would fight against injustice
풍요 = richness, abundance
Common Usages:
마음의 풍요 = emotional/spiritual richness
물질적 풍요 = material abundance
Examples:
이 마을은 자연이 아름답고 삶이 풍요로워서 사람들이 떠나지 않아요
= This village is rich in nature and life is abundant, so people don’t leave
풍요 속에서도 감사함을 잊지 않는 마음이 중요하다
= It’s important to stay grateful even in times of abundance
사치 = luxury
Commoon Usages:
사치롭다 = to be luxurious
사치품 = luxury good
사치를 부리다 = to be extravagant, to indulge in luxury
Examples:
이 물건을 사는 것은 저에게 큰 사치예요
= Buying this item is my big luxury
사치가 지나치면 결국 마음의 여유를 잃게 돼요
= Excessive luxury eventually robs you of inner peace
사치품 = luxury good
Examples:
명품 가방은 대표적인 사치품 중 하나에요
= Designer handbags are considered one of the most common luxury goods
활기 = vitality, vigor
Common Usages:
활기를 띠다 = to become lively
활기를 불어 넣다 = to bring life/energy into something
Examples:
아침 시장은 사람들로 가득 차 활기로운 분위기를 자아냈어요
= The morning market was full of people and had a lively atmosphere
그는 언제나 활기가 넘쳐 주변 사람들에게 긍정적인 에너지를 줘요
= He is always full of vitality, spreading positive energy to those around him
권위 = authority
Examples:
그 교수님은 말 한마디에도 권위로움이 느껴져요
= You can feel his authority even in a single word he says
그의 학문적 권위가 높아 많은 연구자들의 존경을 받아요
= He has great academic authority and is respected by many scholars
권위적 = authoritative
Common Usages:
권위적인 행동 = authoritarian behavior
권위적인 말투 = authoritarian tone of speech
Examples:
그의 말투는 지나치게 권위적이라 상대방이 불편해했어요
= His tone was so authoritative that it made others uncomfortable
권위주의 = authoritarianism
Examples:
권위주의 사회에서는 개인의 자유가 쉽게 억압돼요
= In authoritarian societies, individual freedom is easily suppressed
슬기 = wisdom
Common Usages:
슬기롭다 = to be wise
Examples:
어머니는 언제나 슬기로운 말로 우리를 이끌어 주셨어요
= Mother always guided us with wise words
슬기롭게 위기를 극복하는 태도가 리더에게는 중요해요
= A wise approach to overcoming crisis is important for a leader
감미 = sweet taste
Common Usages:
인공감미료 = artificial sweetener
감미로운 목소리 = sweet, melodious voice
Examples:
애기의 목소리는 마치 꿀처럼 감미로웠어요
= The baby’s voice was as sweet as honey
이 디저트의 감미로운 맛과 부드러운 식감이 일품이에요
= This dessert stands out for its sweet and delicate flavor
Verbs:
이끌다 = to guide, to pull along
Examples:
그 팀장은 항상 팀원들을 잘 이끌어 가는 것 같아요
= That team leader seems to always lead the team well
그 선수는 우리 팀의 주장으로서 경기를 이끌고 있어요
= That player is leading the game as the captain of our team
한국은 수출로 경제를 이끌어 가는 수출국가이다
= Korea is an export nation where exports pull the economy
기술의 발달이야말로 사회 변화를 이끌어요
= The development of technology is truly what drives social change
어머니는 언제나 슬기로운 말로 우리를 이끌어 주셨어요
= Mother always guided us with wise words
이끌리다 = to be led, to be pulled along
Examples:
그녀는 그 남자의 진심에 자연스럽게 이끌렸어요
= She was naturally drawn to the sincerity of that man
Adjectives:
의롭다 = to be righteous, just
Examples:
아빠는 어려운 상황에서도 의로운 선택을 했어요
= Dad made a righteous choice even in a difficult situation
그는 언제나 의롭고 공정한 판단으로 사람들의 신뢰를 얻었어요
= He gained people’s trust through his righteous and fair decisions
풍요롭다 = to be abundant, plentiful
Examples:
몇몇 나라의 천연자원은 다른 나라에 비해 더 풍요로워요
= Some countries’ natural resources are more abundant than those of others
이 마을은 자연이 아름답고 삶이 풍요로워서 사람들이 떠나지 않아요
= This village is rich in nature and life is abundant, so people don’t leave
사치롭다 = to be luxurious, extravagant
Examples:
그 왕실의 씀씀이는 지나치게 사치로웠어요
= He was heavily criticized for living an overly extravagant life
슬기롭다 = to be wise
Examples:
사치로운 생활이 결국 그 사람의 인생을 망쳤어요
= A life of extravagance eventually ruined that person
그녀는 슬기롭게 판단해 위기를 기회로 바꾸었어요
= The royal family’s spending was excessively luxurious
향기롭다 = to be fragrant
Examples:
정원의 장미꽃이 너무 향기로워서 매일 산책이 즐거워요
= The roses in the garden are so fragrant that daily walks are enjoyable
정원 가득 향기로운 꽃들이 피어나 봄이 온 걸 느낄 수 있었어요
= Fragrant flowers filled the garden, signaling the arrival of spring
명예롭다 = to be honorable
Examples:
그는 명예로운 죽음을 맞이하며 모두의 존경을 받았어요
= He met an honorable death and earned everyone’s respect
그는 평생 명예롭게 살기 위해 어떠한 유혹도 이겨냈어요
= He resisted all temptation to live an honorable life
감미롭다 = to be sweet tasting
Examples:
애기의 목소리는 마치 꿀처럼 감미로웠어요
= The baby’s voice was as sweet as honey
그 와인의 달콤하고 감미로운 향이 입안 가득 퍼졌어요
= The wine spread a sweet, mellow aroma throughout the mouth
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn another way to turn nouns into adjectives. This time, using the addition ~롭다. Let’s get started!
~롭다: To Possess a Quality or Characteristic Fully
In Lesson 182, you saw how you can attach ~답다 to certain nouns referring to the identity of an individual to turn it into an adjective. ~롭다 has a similar function, but the type of nouns it attaches to are different, and therefore the overall meaning of the construction differs as well.
~롭다 is added to nouns that describe conditions or abstract concepts, not roles or identities of individuals. By attaching ~롭다, you can indicate that something is “full of” or “has the quality of” the noun it is attached to. Things can’t be “full of” women in any way, so attaching ~롭다 to 여자 won’t work. However, things can be “full of” things like freedom, peace, wisdom or relaxation.
Indeed, ~롭다 is used with abstract nouns that usually describe some sort of state or quality.
You have seen many ~롭다 adjectives in our lessons so far. Here are some of the ones that have been sprinkled in our lessons so far:
자유 = freedom
자유롭다 = to be free
평화 = peace
평화롭다 = to be peaceful
여유 = sufficiency in time, space
여유롭다 = to be relaxed, carefree, unhurried
지혜 = wisdom
지혜롭다 = to be wise
Here are a few more that are just being introduced in this lesson:
의 = justice
의롭다 = to be righteous, just
풍요 = richness, abundance
풍요롭다 = to be abundant, plentiful
사치 = luxury
사치롭다 = to be luxurious, extravagant
The examples above are all quite common. So common that both the noun and ~롭다 adjective are words. For example, both 사치 and 사치롭다 have entries in a Korean dictionary. ~롭다 itself is a grammatical addition on its own, so there are many nouns that it can be added to where the resulting construction is not a word on its own. These nouns exist in the dictionary, but their ~롭다 forms might not be listed as separate dictionary entries.
활기 = vitality, vigor
활기롭다 = to be lively, full of energy
권위 = authority
권위롭다 = to be authoritative, dignified
Now that you have seen all of these nouns and combinations with ~롭다, you can see the meaning that ~롭다 adds. For example, the world 활기 refers to the noun of vigor on its own. However, if somebody is 활기롭다, they are full of vigor. ~답다 cannot be added to 활기 because it doesn’t refer to the role of a person.
Another interesting thing that you may have noticed is that ~롭다 is only attached to nouns that end in a vowel. Therefore, you will never see ~롭다 attached to a noun ending in a consonant. Below are many examples showing ~롭다 in use:
애기의 목소리는 마치 꿀처럼 감미로웠어요
= The baby’s voice was as sweet as honey
아빠는 어려운 상황에서도 의로운 선택을 했어요
= Dad made a righteous choice even in a difficult situation
그 교수님은 말 한마디에도 권위로움이 느껴져요
= You can feel his authority even in a single word he says
사치로운 생활이 결국 그 사람의 인생을 망쳤어요
= A life of extravagance eventually ruined that person
그는 명예로운 죽음을 맞이하며 모두의 존경을 받았어요
= He met an honorable death and earned everyone’s respect
어머니는 언제나 슬기로운 말로 우리를 이끌어 주셨어요
= Mother always guided us with wise words
정원의 장미꽃이 너무 향기로워서 매일 산책이 즐거워요
= The roses in the garden are so fragrant that daily walks are enjoyable
슬기롭게 위기를 극복하는 태도가 리더에게는 중요해요
= A wise approach to overcoming crisis is important for a leader
아침 시장은 사람들로 가득 차 활기로운 분위기를 자아냈어요
= The morning market was full of people and had a lively atmosphere
이 마을은 자연이 아름답고 삶이 풍요로워서 사람들이 떠나지 않아요
= This village is rich in nature and life is abundant, so people don’t leave
You might be thinking that ~롭다 is similar to adding ~스럽다. While similar in form, ~스럽다 is more specifically added to feelings or emotions that are more subjective. Indeed, when adding ~스럽다, creates an adjective that feels a certain way. Whereas the addition of ~롭다 creates an adjective that indicates that something is “full of” that trait. With ~롭다 it is a more inherent, objective noun that gets turned into an adjective. Conversely, ~스럽다 is more of an emotional feel.
That’s it for this lesson!
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