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Lesson 126: To be Grouped or Classified by: ~별

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Vocabulary
Introduction

To be Grouped or Classified by: ~별(로)

 

 

Vocabulary

Nouns:
명단 = name list

Common Usages:
명단 작성 = creation of a name list

Examples:
개학 전에 우리는 학년별 명단을 작성해야 돼요
= Before the start of school, we need to make a list of students names by grade

명단을 잃어버려서 친구 연락처를 하나씩 찾을 수밖에 없어요
= I have no choice but to add/find my friend’s contacts one by one (now that I) because I lost my contact list

설정 = setting

Common Usages:
암호 설정 = password setup
기본 설정 = basic setting

Examples:
컴퓨터 화면 설정을 다시 해야 돼요
= We should reset up the setting of computer screen

새로운 컴퓨터를 사면 국가별 언어 설정을 해야 돼요
= When you buy a new computer, you need to set the language setting

대표 = representative

Notes: When referring to a person, it’s usually appropriate to use 대표님

Common Usages:
기업 대표 = representative of a business
대표를 선발하다 = to choose a representative
대표를 선출하다 = to elect a representative

Examples:
가야금은 한국 대표적인 전통 악기예요
= The Gayageum is a traditional instrument that represents Korea

30개의 유럽국가에서 각 나라 대표들이 왔어요
= Representatives from 30 European nations came

그 식품을 파는 회사의 대표가 다 서울에서 모였어요
= The representative from companies who sell this food product all met in Seoul

모든 나라가 국가별로 대표를 지명했어요
= Each country designated a representative separately

저는 회사의 대표로서 직원을 채용할 수 있는 유일한 사람이에요
= As the representative of the company, I am the only person who can hire employees

그 여학생이 인기가 많아서 학교 대표로 선정됐어요
= The female student was chosen as the school representative because she is popular

협약 = agreement, treaty

Examples:
이 동맹을 시작하려면 각 나라마다 국가별로 협약에 동의해야 돼요
= If you want to start this alliance, each country needs to agree to the treaty as a nation

핵 무기에 대한 국제 협약이 가장 중요해요
= International agreements regarding nuclear weapons are most important

동맹 = alliance

Common Usages:
동맹국 = country’s ally

Examples:
그 나라들은 강력한 동맹을 맺었어요
= Those countries formed a strong alliance

이 동맹을 시작하려면 각 나라마다 국가별로 협약에 동의해야 돼요
= If you want to start this alliance, each country needs to agree to the treaty as a nation

세월 = time (usually when “passing”)

Common Usages:
세월이 가다 = for time to go by
세월이 흐르다 = for time to pass by
세월이 야속하다 = time flies

Examples:
세월이 흘러가면서 많은 변화가 일어났어요
= Many changes have occurred as time has gone by

세월이 흐르면서 동물이 종별로 다른 곳으로 이동했어요
= As time goes by, animals move/migrate to different places depending on their species

직급 = rank at one’s job

Common Usages:
회사 직급 = rank within a company

Examples:
그는 직급을 높이기 위해 열심히 일했어요
= He worked hard to raise his rank at work

우리는 지금 회사원들에게 직급별로 내용을 배분하도록 하겠습니다
= We will now distribute the materials/content to the workers by rank/level

식구 = family member

Common Usages:
대식구 = large family
딸린 식구 = family members depending on someone

Examples:
서로 식구끼리 잘 챙기고 도와주도록 해요
= We’re going to try to be nice and help out each other as family members

아침마다 식구들 밥을 챙기느라 힘들어요
= It is hard to make breakfast for everyone in the family every morning

공룡 = dinosaur

Common Usages:
초식 공룡 = herbivorous dinosaur
육식 공룡 = carnivorous dinosaur
공룡 화석 = dinosaur fossil

Examples:
오래 전에는 공룡이 실제로 존재했었어요
= A long time ago dinosaurs had once actually existed

대륙별로 발견된 공룡들의 무게는 달랐어요
= The weight of dinosaurs was different depending on the continent they were discovered in

신분증 = identification card

Common Usages:
신분증 위조 = fake ID
신분증 검사 = ID check

Examples:
임시로 신청한 신분증이 오늘 나왔어요
= The identification card I applied for temporarily arrived today

저는 신분증을 나이별로 다 정리했어요
= I organized the ID cards by age

길거리에서 신분증을 습득했어요
= I picked up somebody’s ID card on the street

주근깨 = freckle

Common Usages:
주근깨를 제거하다 = to get rid of freckles
주근깨를 없애다 = to get rid of freckles

Examples:
그녀의 얼굴에는 많은 주근깨가 있어요
= She has a lot of freckles on her face

여름만 되면 주근깨가 더 생겨서 스트레스를 받아요
= In the summer I get more freckles and it makes me stressed

= Buddhist temple

Common Usages:
절밥 = temple food

Examples:
스님을 보고 싶으면 절에 가야 해요
= If you want to see a Buddhist monk, you need to go to a temple

저는 어렸을 때 불교 신자인 엄마를 따라 절에 가곤 했어요
= When I was young, I would often follow my mom, a Buddhist, to the temple

평균 = average, mean

Common Usages:
평균값 = average price
평균 신장 = average height
평균 임금 = average wage

Examples:
각 나라마다 사람들의 평균 신체비율이 달라요
= Each country has a different average body ratio

사람의 평균 월급은 보통 계급별로 다릅니다
= The average pay/income of a person is different depending on class

연말 = the end of the year

Common Usages:
연말연시 = the end of year and start of new year
연말 장사 = end of year party
연말 정산 = end of year tax adjustment

Examples:
연말에는 보통 친구들과 파티를 즐겨요
= At the end of the year, people usually enjoy parties with friends

연말이라서 부서별 회식이 많아요
= It is the end of the year, so there are a lot of staff dinners/parties among departments

과제 = task, project, thing to do

Common Usages:
개별 과제 = individual task
조별 과제 = group project

Examples:
과제를 끝내고 신나는 주말을 보내려고 해요
= I’m looking forward to spending a fun weekend after finishing my work

해야 할 과제가 많아서 오늘 밤을 셀 거예요
= There are a lot of things to do, so I will stay up all night

체중 = weight

Common Usages:
체중계 = body weight scale
과체중 = overweight
저체중 = underweight

Examples:
최근에 체중이 증가했어요
= I’ve gained weight recently

코치가 선수들을 체중 별로 나눴어요
= The coach divided the athletes by weight

대륙 = continent

Common Usages:
아시아 대륙 = the Asian continent
신대륙 = new continent

Examples:
이 사람이 처음으로 4대륙을 횡단한 사람이에요
= This person is the first person to cross four continents

대륙 별로 발견된 공룡들의 무게는 달랐어요
= The weight of dinosaurs was different depending on the continent they were discovered in

인간이 아프리카에서 기원하고 다른 대륙으로 이동했어요
= Humans originated from Africa and then moved to the different continents

임시 = temporary

Common Usages:
임시 숙소 = temporary accommodations
임시 휴업 = temporary closing of a store for holiday
임시 거처 = temporary living place

Examples:
이것은 임시조치일 뿐이에요
= This is just a temporary measure

임시로 신청한 신분증이 오늘 나왔어요
= The identification card I applied for temporarily arrived today

회전 = rotation

Common Usages:
좌회전 = left turn
우회전 = right turn
180도 회전 = 180 degree turn
360도 회전 = 360 degree turn

Examples:
타이어가 교체될 때 차량이 회전하게 돼요
= The vehicle rotates when the tires are replaced

차가 자꾸 얼음 위에서 회전하는 느낌이 나서 정비소에 갔어요
= The car feels like it keeps spinning on ice, so I brought it to the shop

계급 = a “class” in society

Common Usages:
계급사회 = hierarchical society

Examples:
그 사람의 계급은 대위입니다
= That person’s rank is lieutenant

사람의 평균 월급은 보통 계급별로 다릅니다
= The average pay/income of a person is different depending on class

회식 = expand title=”staff dinner[” trigclass=”noarrow”]

Common Usages:
회식 자리 = a place to have a staff dinner

Examples:
저는 오늘 직장동료들과 회식이 있어서 집에 늦게 들어갔어요
= I went home late today because I had a staff dinner with colleagues from work

오늘 저희 선생님 중 한 분이 명예퇴직을 하셔서 회식이 있을 거예요
= Today, one of our teachers is retiring (early) so there will be a staff dinner

연말이라서 부서별 회식이 많아요
= It is the end of the year, so there are a lot of staff dinners/parties among departments[/expand]

임금 = wages/pay

Common Usages:
저임금 = low wage
고임금 = high wage
평균 임금 = average wage

Examples:
매달 정해진 임금을 받아요
= I receive a fixed wage every month

대부분 회사에는 성별 임금 차이가 있어요
= At most companies, there is a wage difference between sexes

Verbs:
배분하다 = to distribute

Common Usages:
고르게 배분하다 = to distribute evenly
공평하게 배분하다 = to distribute fairly

Examples:
어제 번 돈을 친구들과 고르게 배분하기 위해 정확하게 계산을 했어요
= In order to distribute the money that we earned yesterday with friends evenly, I calculated it precisely

한 사람에게 다 주지 말고 균등하게 배분하라니까
= I told you to not give it all to one person, but to divide them evenly

우리는 지금 회사원들에게 직급별로 내용을 배분하도록 하겠습니다
= We will now distribute the materials/content to the workers by rank/level

깨우다 = to wake somebody up

Examples:
아침 일찍 깨우지 마세요
= Don’t wake up early in the morning

저는 애기를 깨웠어요
= I woke up the baby

애기를 깨우지 않게 조용히 노크해 주세요
= Knock quietly so that the baby doesn’t wake up

적립하다 = to save up, to accumulate

Common Usages:
스탬프(쿠폰을) 를 적립하다
포인트를 적립하다

Examples:
커피를 살 때마다 포인트를 적립하세요
= Save points every time you buy coffee

포인트 적립을 원하시면 포인트카드를 보여주세요
= If you want to collect points, show me your points card

야근하다 = to work at night

Common Usages:
늦게까지 야근하다 = to work till late at night

Examples:
업무가 많아서 야근했어요
= I had so much work to do that I worked overtime (at night)

이번 주는 야근이고 다음 주는 주간이에요
= This week is (I am working) the night shift, next week is (I am working) the day shift

제가 내일 있을 참관수업을 준비해야 돼서 오늘 야근을 할 거예요
= I have to prepare for the open class that I will do tomorrow, so I will work late tonight

야근이 반복될수록 몸이 더욱 피로해져서 일에 집중하기 힘들어요
= As I continue to do the night shift over and over, my body gets more and more fatigued and it is hard to focus on work

증명하다 = to prove

Common Usages:
가족관계증명서 = proof of family registry
실력을 증명하다 = to prove one’s skills

Examples:
그 선수의 노력이 이 대회의 성과를 증명했어요
= The outcome of this competition proved that athlete’s efforts

원천징수영수증이란 번 돈에 대한 세금을 얼마나 냈는지를 증명해주는 서류이다
= A withholding tax receipt is a document that proves/shows how much tax one has paid on the money they earned

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Introduction

In this lesson, you will learn how to add ~별 to nouns and the meaning it creates. You will see that it is often attached to nouns to describe another noun, or used with ~로 to act as an adverb. Let’s get started.

 

 

To be Grouped or Classified by: ~()

~별 is added to nouns that represent more than one type or level of something. When this is done, it classifies the different types/levels and indicates that something is done (separately) for each type/level. For example:

수준 = level
수준별: There could be multiple levels of something (for example, high level, medium level, low level). Here, something will be done separately for each level.

성 = sex/gender
성별: Of course, there is more than one sex/gender. Here, the sexes will be classified and something will be done separately for each sex.

학년 = a grade level in school (1st grade, for example)
학년별: Here, grades within a school will be classified and something will be done separately for each grade.

부서 = department
부서별: Here, departments within a company/office will be classified and something will be done separately for each department.

개인 = personal, individual
개인별: Of course, there are many types of individuals. Here, individuals will be classified and something will be done separately for each person.

국가 = nation
국가별: Here, nations will be classified and something will be done separately for each nation.

These constructions (which are considered nouns) are often placed before other nouns to describe them. For example:

수준별 수업 = a class divided by levels
성별 임금 차이 = the difference in wage between the two sexes
학년별 명단 = a list of students names based on grade
부서별 회의 = a meeting for each department
개인별 평가 = an evaluation done for each individual
국가별 언어 설정 = the language setting for each nation

These types of constructions can now be placed in sentences. For example:

수준별 수업은 좋은 점도 있고 나쁜 점도 있어요
= Classes divided by levels have good points and bad points, too

대부분 회사에는 성별 임금 차이가 있어요
= At most companies, there is a wage difference between sexes

개학 전에 우리는 학년별 명단을 작성해야 돼요
= Before the start of school, we need to make a list of students names by grade

각 부서마다 부서별 회의를 할 거예요
= Each department will have a meeting (among themselves)

연말이라서 부서별 회식이 많아요
= It is the end of the year, so there are a lot of staff dinners/parties among departments

12월까지 우리 회사는 개인별 평가를 시행하겠습니다
= Until December, our company will be running a personal evaluation

새로운 컴퓨터를 사면 국가별 언어 설정을 해야 돼요
= When you buy a new computer, you need to set the language setting (appropriate for your nation)

So far, you have seen ~별 attached to a noun and used to describe an upcoming noun. Sentences with ~별 often indicate that the action will be different depending on the types/levels specified. In these cases, it is common to attach ~로 to “~별.” For example:

There could be many different translations for ~별(로). As you will see in the examples below, it might translate to:

  • by…
  • based on…
  • separate(ly)…
  • depending on…

I always stress that you try to ignore the English translations. Instead, focus more on my explanation of~별(로) and how its meaning applies to the examples.

우리 회사는 분기별로 세금을 내요
= Our company pays tax by the quarter

코치가 선수들을 체중별로 나눴어요
= The coach divided the athletes by weight

저는 신분증을 나이별로 다 정리했어요
= I organized the ID cards by age

모든 나라가 국가별로 대표를 지명했어요
= Each country designated a representative separately

대륙별로 발견된 공룡들의 무게는 달랐어요
= The weight of dinosaurs was different depending on the continent they were discovered in

사람의 평균 월급은 보통 계급별로 다릅니다
= The average pay/income of a person is different depending on class

아이들을 성별에 따라 대우하는 것이 좋지 않아요
= It’s not good to treat children based on their gender

학생들이 그때 학년별로 강당에서 나올 거예요
= Students will leave the auditorium in the order of grade

우리 가족이 모일 때마다 항상 나이별로 음식을 나눠서 먹어요
= Whenever our family members meet, we always divide the food and eat depending on age

세월이 흐르면서 동물이 종별로 다른 곳으로 이동했어요
= As time goes by, animals move/migrate to different places depending on their species

한국에서는 영어와 수학수업이 보통 수준별로 나눠져요
= In Korea, English and Math classes are usually divided by level

그 문제를 해결하는 방법을 찾으려고 내일 각 부서가 부서별로 회의를 할 거에요
= In order to solve that problem, each department will have a separate meeting

모두 개인별로 자기 생각을 종이에 쓰고 나서 모으자
= Each person write their ideas on a piece of paper separately and then let’s meet

이 동맹을 시작하려면 각 나라마다 국가별로 협약에 동의해야 돼요
= If you want to start this alliance, each country needs to agree to the treaty as a nation

우리는 지금 회사원들에게 직급별로 내용을 배분하도록 하겠습니다
= We will now distribute the materials/content to the workers by rank/level

학생들이 사춘기를 겪고 있기 때문에 학생들을 성별로 나눠서 그 영상을 보여줘야 될 것 같아요
= Because students are going through puberty, we will probably have to divide them by sex and show that video to them

That’s it for this lesson!

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